Muhammad Ali Khalidi

General Philosophy of science

Natural Kinds (Cambridge Elements in the Philosophy of Science, 2024).

“Ontological Pluralism and Social Values,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 104 (2024), 61-67.

“Etiological Kinds,” Philosophy of Science 88 (2021), 1-21.

“Natural Kinds as Nodes in Causal Networks,” Synthese 195 (2018), 1379-1396.

“Natural Kinds,” in P. Humphreys (ed.), Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Science, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

Natural Categories and Human Kinds: Classification in the Natural and Social Sciences (Cambridge University Press, 2013).

“The Pitfalls of Microphysical Realism,” Philosophy of Science 78 (2011), 1156-1164. 

“How Scientific Is Scientific Essentialism?” Journal for General Philosophy of Science 40 (2009), 85-101.

“Temporal and Counterfactual Possibility,” Sorites 20 (2008), 37-42.

“Incommensurability,” in A Companion to the Philosophy of Science, ed. W.H. Newton-Smith, Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.

“Natural Kinds and Crosscutting Categories,” Journal of Philosophy 95 (1998), 33-50.

Conceptual Change in Science, unpublished book manuscript (1995).

“Carving Nature at the Joints,” Philosophy of Science 60 (1993), 100-113.

philosophy of cognitive science, psychology, biology

“Natural Kinds,” Open Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science (2024).

“Memory for Agency: A Proposal for the Function of Episodic Memory,” Review of Philosophy and Psychology 16 (2025).

(with Dylan Ludwig) “Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) and the Functions of Consciousness,” Cognitive Science 48 (5):e13453.

“Kinds in the Cognitive Sciences: Reply to Weiskopf, Sullivan, and Robins,” Mind & Language 39 (2024), 129-140.

Cognitive Ontology: Taxonomic Practices in the Mind-Brain Sciences (Cambridge University Press, 2023).

“Are Sexes Natural Kinds?” In Shamik Dasgupta, Ravit Dotan & Brad Weslake (eds.), Current Controversies in Philosophy of Science. New York: Routledge. pp. 163-176 (2021).

(with Joshua Mugg) “Self-Reflexive Cognitive Bias,” European Journal for Philosophy of Science 11 (2021), 1-21.

“Neural Correlates without Reduction: The Case of the Critical Period,” Synthese 197 (2020), 1947-1959.

“Crosscutting Psycho-Neural Taxonomies: The Case of Episodic Memory,” Philosophical Explorations 20 (2017), 191-208.

“Innateness as a Natural Cognitive Kind,” Philosophical Psychology 29 (2016), 319-333.

“Should We Eliminate the Innate? Reply to Griffiths and Machery,” Philosophical Psychology 22 (2009), 505-519.

“Innate Cognitive Capacities,” Mind & Language 22 (2007), 92-115.

“Against Functional Reductionism in Cognitive Science,” International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 19 (2005), 319-333.

“Nature and Nurture in Cognition,” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 53 (2002), 251-272.

“Innateness and Domain Specificity,” Philosophical Studies 105 (2001), 191-210.

“Incommensurability in Cognitive Guise,” Philosophical Psychology 11 (1998), 29-43.

“Two Concepts of Concept,” Mind & Language 10 (1995), 402-422.

Philosophy of social science

“Pluralism, Opacity, and Values in the Social World: Commentary on Jenkins’ Ontology and Oppression,” Feminist Philosophy Quarterly 11 (2025)

“Transparency, Collective Intentionality, and Social Power: Commentary on Burman’s Nonideal Social Ontology,” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 55 (2025), 555-575.

“Madness by Design: A Genealogy of an ‘Anti-Tradition,’” European Journal of Analytic Philosophy 21 (2025), 101-115.

“Historical Kinds in the Social World,” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 54 (2024), 463-489.

(with Liam Murphy) “Disagreement about the Kind Law,” Jurisprudence 12 (2020), 1-16.

“Law as a Social Kind,” in A. Barton, S. Seppälä, and D. Porello (eds.), Proceedings of the Joint Ontology Workshops, 2019.

“Mind-Dependent Kinds,” Journal of Social Ontology 2 (2016), 223–246.

“Three Kinds of Social Kinds,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 90 (2015), 96-112.

“Kinds: Natural vs. Human Kinds,” in B. Kaldis (ed.), Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2013.

“Interactive Kinds,” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 61 (2010), 335-360.

Arabic-Islamic Philosophy 

“Al-Farabi on Acquiring a Philosophical Concept,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy 32:4 (2022), 704-724.

(with Tarif Khalidi) “Is Physiognomy a Science? Reflections on the Kitab al-Firasa of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi,” in N. El-Bizri and E. Orthmann (eds.), The Occult Sciences in Pre-Modern Islamic Cultures, Beirut: Orient-Institut, 2018.

“Zaki Najib Mahmud, Nahwa Falsafah `Ilmiyyah (Towards a Scientific Philosophy),” in K. El-Rouayheb and Sabine Schmidtke (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Islamic Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

Medieval Islamic Philosophical Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).

“Orientalisms in the Interpretation of Islamic Philosophy,” Radical Philosophy 135 (2006), 25-33.

“Al-Farabi on the Democratic City,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy 11 (2003), 379-394.

“Averroes' Method of Re-Interpretation,” International Philosophical Quarterly 38 (1998), 175-185.

Book Reviews

Review of Catherine Kendig (ed.), Natural Kinds and Classification in Scientific Practice, BJPS Review of Books

Review of Crawford Elder, Real Natures and Familiar Objects, Mind 115 (2006), 149-152.

Review of Joseph LaPorte, Natural Kinds and Conceptual Change, Philosophy of Science 72 (2005), 519-523.

Review of Ian Hacking, Historical Ontology, Philosophy of Science 70 (2003), 449-452.

Review of Alicia Juarrero, Dynamics in Action: Intentional Behavior as a Complex System, Philosophical Review 110 (2001), 469-472.

Review of Jerry Fodor, The Elm and the Expert, Biology and Philosophy 12 (1997), 275-280.

Review of Jerry Fodor and Ernest Lepore, Holism, Mind 102 (1993), 650-654.

OTHER PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGS

(with Amy MacKinnon) “The Misclassification of Body Dysmorphic Disorder,” Imperfect Cognitions Blog, 6 July 2022.

(with Joshua Mugg) “Do We Have a Bias Bias?,” American Philosophical Association Blog, 10 January 2022.

“Giving the Finger to the Philosophical ‘Finger,’” American Philosophical Association Blog, 7 September 2021.

“Three Ways of Diversifying a Philosophy Syllabus,” American Philosophical Association Blog, 14 July 2020.

“Structure-to-Function Mappings in the Cognitive Sciences,” Imperfect Cognitions Blog, 28 November 2017.

“Do You Get the ‘Tingles’? The Philosophy of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response [ASMR],” American Philosophical Association blog, 12 September 2016.

“Cabbages and Kings,” Eighteen Fifty Four: Cambridge University Press Blog, 12 September 2013.